Tried that procedure but no joy.
It failed at sudo apt install mono-devel, with pretty much the same problem:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
mono-devel : Depends: mono-runtime (>= 3.0~) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libmono-cecil-private-cil (>= 6.12.0.200) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libmono-cecil-private-cil (< 6.12.0.201) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libmono-codecontracts4.0-cil (>= 1.0) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libmono-compilerservices-symbolwriter4.0-cil (>= 3.6.0) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libmono-corlib4.5-cil (>= 4.0.0~alpha1) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libmono-peapi4.0a-cil (>= 3.2.8) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libmono-relaxng4.0-cil (>= 2.10.1) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libmono-security4.0-cil (>= 3.0.6) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libmono-system-configuration-install4.0-cil (>= 1.0) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libmono-system-configuration4.0-cil (>= 4.0.0~alpha1) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libmono-system-core4.0-cil (>= 4.0.0~alpha1) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libmono-system-data4.0-cil (>= 4.0.0~alpha1) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libmono-system-drawing4.0-cil (>= 3.0.6) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libmono-system-io-compression-filesystem4.0-cil (>= 3.2.1) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libmono-system-runtime-serialization4.0-cil (>= 4.0.0~alpha1) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libmono-system-runtime4.0-cil (>= 2.10.1) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libmono-system-security4.0-cil (>= 1.0) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libmono-system-servicemodel4.0a-cil (>= 3.2.3) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libmono-system-web-services4.0-cil (>= 1.0) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libmono-system-xml-linq4.0-cil (>= 3.0.6) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libmono-system-xml4.0-cil (>= 3.12.0) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libmono-system4.0-cil (>= 4.0.0~alpha1) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: mono-mcs (= 6.12.0.200-0xamarin2+ubuntu2004b1) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: mono-roslyn (= 6.12.0.200-0xamarin2+ubuntu2004b1) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: mono-gac (= 6.12.0.200-0xamarin2+ubuntu2004b1) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: mono-xbuild (= 6.12.0.200-0xamarin2+ubuntu2004b1) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libmono-cil-dev (= 6.12.0.200-0xamarin2+ubuntu2004b1) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libmono-2.0-dev (>= 6.12.0.200-0xamarin2+ubuntu2004b1) but 6.12.0.147-0xamarin17+ubuntu2004b1 is to be installed
Depends: ca-certificates-mono (= 6.12.0.200-0xamarin2+ubuntu2004b1) but it is not going to be installed
Recommends: mono-csharp-shell but it is not going to be installed
Recommends: referenceassemblies-pcl but it is not going to be installed
Recommends: msbuild but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
I’ll ask around some of the Mono discussions and report back here if I find a solution. It is a bit worrisome that the “official” Mono install process still uses the deprecated apt-key.